“双碳"规则为目前当今世界带来了能本质属性的中升集团变化，以光伏发电为展现的可复苏能计划经济体制变为做完目前当今世界能调整布局优化调整与“双碳"规则的主力庄家军。在这儿局势下，有高些效益超凡值法（28.2%~28.7%）的隧穿氧化物钝化蓄充电板（tunnel oxide passivating contacts，TOPCon）变为专题会重点村，其效益超凡值法是较贴近纳米线硅早上的太阳能光伏蓄充电板情况超凡值法效益（29.43%）的晶硅蓄充电板。

TOPCon容(rong)(rong)(ro♑ng)量(liang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)手机(ji)电池(chi)(chi)组箱都是种一(yi)种新型钝化(hua)开战太(tai)阳(yang)(yang)穴(xue)能容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)手机(ji)电池(chi)(chi)组箱，于201五年在(zai)(zai)第28届英国(guo)PVSEC光伏太(tai)阳(yang)(yang)能大(da)现场由英国(guo)Fraunhofer-ISE研究讨论所提(ti)出了。该(gai)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)手机(ji)电池(chi)(chi)组箱在(zai)(zai)使用了钝化(hua)发极(ji)及(ji)背(bei)后开战容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)手机(ji)电池(chi)(chi)组箱的正背(bei)后钝化(hua)减散射膜及(ji)银(yin)栅线功(gong)能分(fen)区图(tu)的同样必然(ran)上，还要容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)手机(ji)电池(chi)(chi)组箱背(bei)外层导入了ꦓ隧穿(chuan)阳(yang)(yang)极(ji)氧化(hua)层和磷搀杂多晶硅(gui)钝化(hua)开战功(gong)能分(fen)区图(tu)，其(qi)功(gong)能分(fen)区图(tu)一(yi)下图(tu)随时。                                               

TOPcon锂电功能分区情况图

TOPCon充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)组(zu)(zu)(zu)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)PID现(xian)象(xiang)凡包(bao)括早(zao)(zao)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)阳(yang)(yang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)星(xing)(xing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)能充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)组(zu)(zu)(zu)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)块(kuai)(kuai)在被施以较(jiao)高电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流后,其模(mo)(mo)块(kuai)(kuai)输出工(gong)作工(gong)率会非(fei)常快(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衰减。在实际情况机器运行中(zhong)(zhong),想要(yao)保障(zhang)机制(zhi)早(zao)(zao)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)阳(yang)(yang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)星(xing)(xing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)能充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)组(zu)(zu)(zu)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)块(kuai)(kuai)知(zhi)足对根据供气的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)请,常许(xu)要(yao)把一个(ge)模(mo)(mo)块(kuai)(kuai)依靠系♍(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)进程串连、串连的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)体例(li)拆卸成早(zao)(zao)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)阳(yang)(yang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)星(xing)(xing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)能充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)组(zu)(zu)(zu)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阵列(lie)，以下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)图(tu)如下(xia)。在之类必(bi)备条件压力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)(zao)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)阳(yang)(yang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)星(xing)(xing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)能充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)组(zu)(zu)(zu)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阵列(lie)中(zhong)(zhong),单块(kuai)(kuai)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)模(mo)(mo)块(kuai)(kuai)与上空两者(zhe)之间(jian)容易所产生较(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)势差。在电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)势差、溫度和含水率等身分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引(yin)响下(xia),PID现(xian)象(xiang)会可能会导致TOPcon充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)组(zu)(zu)(zu)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)块(kuai)(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)输出工(gong)作工(gong)率回落,因(yin)此的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引(yin)响整(zheng)个(ge)早(zao)(zao)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)阳(yang)(yang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)星(xing)(xing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)能发电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)厂(chang)管(guan)理体系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)包(bao)能。

串连日头能容量电池表演图

TOPcon电瓶里常见的PID体系主要包括下类两种基本原理：

泄电型PID(shunting-type PID, PID-s)

PID-s与(yu)负偏压(ya)下(xia)太阳时能(neng)锂电(dian)池𒅌内部的钠正离(li)子(Na+)漂移所(suo)诱引的pn结(jie)泄电(dian)景(jing)物(wu)光(guang)于(yu)(yu)。相(xiang)对于(yu)(yu)Na+的起源于(yu)(yu)是借(jie)喻懂得的，Na+第一步来源于(yu)(yu)钠钙夹层玻璃(li)橡胶(jiao)条(tiao)。都按照(zhao)论(lun)文(wen)参考文(wen)献消息，可(ke)查看(kan)清晶胞硅中(zhong)的堆(dui)垛层错被Na+所(suo)再生。下(xia)列(li⛦e)图所(suo)显(xian)示，能(neng)看(kan)清在PID-s任务管(guan)理器中(zhong),堆(dui)垛层错从SiNx/c-Si工具栏它是经过了任务管(guan)理器pn结(jie)提高到(dao)硅基体中(zhong)。

晶状体硅太阳什么能锂电池中的堆垛层错图

(a)亮下面的TEM美图照片，特征每个PID-s的堆垛层错，配图特征c-Si中堆垛层错下面Na因素的EDX图像

(b) ~ (d)STEM方式下SiNx/c-Si工具栏处Na、O、N稀土元素的EDX图相

极化型PID(polarization-type PID,PID-p) 

会产生(sheng)PID-p场景(jing)时,阳(yang)光能(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)电(dian)(dia🐻n)(dian)学激活能(neng)上基(ji)本行为 为虚接电(dian)(dian)(dian)流大(da)小溶(rong)解度(du)(Jsc)和短(duan)路(lu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压值(Voc)的(de)衰减。今时大(da)大(da)多性质殊不知PID-p是阳(yang)光能(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶减光反射层(ceng)和钝化层(ceng)中自由𒁏电(dian)(dian)(dian)荷堆集让了极化反应碎粉了晶胞(bao)硅长相钝化。

PID-p相应的大道理图

冲刷型PID(corrosion-type PID, PID-c)

PID-c首想(xiang)由介电(dian)(dian)(dian)层、通明导(dao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)被氧化(hua)物质薄(bo)膜和珍(zhen)珠(zhu)棉或金(jin)屬战斗的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)无机化(hua)学(xue)呈现(xian)而🦄构成(cheng)的(de)(de)腐(fu)蚀效用。依照规定数据(ju)了(le)解，PID-c毁伤可由检(jian)测智能光学(xue)显(xian)(xian)微镜观察查看(kan)(kan)苹果手机到。在高交流电(dian)(dian)(dian)压下(xia)(xia)数据(ju)本(ben)身通常看(kan)(kan)上去凸显(xian)(xian)出孔(kong)径约为2 μm的(de)(de)方形毁伤，方形瑕疵可穿透后本(ben)身通常看(kan)(kan)上去，下(xia)(xia)例(li)如(ru)下(xia)(xia)。高分辩率三(san)次智能电(dian)(dian)(dian)子为了(le)满足电(dian)(dian)(dian)子时代发展的(de)(de)需求，（SE）图(tu)案（图(tu)b）揭发了(le)本(ben)身通常看(kan)(kan)上去的(de)(de)粗拙度。

(a) 在两面释放低压内应力241天、85℃后看出孔眼。(b) 变小的顶视图图像，展现出了钝化层中这种孔的微小孔表面平面布置。

Fraunhofer CSP（弗劳恩霍夫硅光伏月(yue)(yue)亮能(neng)(neng)CSP间(jian)）和Freiberg总部(bu)结合专(zhuan)题(ti)会救亡图(tu)存了了种检(jian)查来仗(zhang)量電(dian)池(chi)充电(dian)和包块化(hua)器(qi)件对PID敏理想主义的医疗检(jian)测设(she)备（PIDcon bif👍acial）。Fraunhofer CSP的拜偶像家们这一(yi)刻巧用此(ci)类检(jian)查医疗检(jian)测设(she)备来考察多变化(hua)的信息对PID敏理想主义,并(bing)能(neng)(neng)离别(bie)核查出月(yue)(yue)亮能(neng)(neng)TOPCon電(dian)池(chi)充电(dian)中的上述所说两(liang)类P༺ID共识机制。

◇  合适IEC 62804-TS规范(fan)体例

◇  易于利(li)用的(de)台式装备

◇  够丈量c-Si太(tai)阳𒁃(yang)能电池(chi)和微型模块(kuai)

◇  无(wu)需天气室(shi)

◇  不须要电池层压

◇  丈(zhang)量速(su)率：4小时(普(pu)通(tong))

◇  可丈量参数(shu)：分流电(dian)阻、功率丧失、电(dian)导率、泄𓂃泄电(dia𝕴n)流、湿度(du)和温度(du)

◇  可用(yong)于检测差别范例太阳能电池(🎶chi)：TOPCon, HJT, PERC, AL-BSF, PERC+, 双面(mian)PERC, P♏ERT, PERL 和IBC

◇  基(ji)于IP的体系许(xu)可(ke)在天下任何处所(suo)停止长(zhang)途(tu)🍃操纵(zong)和手艺(yi)撑(ꦅcheng)持